The Mitzvah
Source: Vayikra 22:32
The Mitzvah includes the directive to publicize this truthful belief (that Hashem is the creator and the Supreme Ruler) in the world and not to be afraid of harm that may come from doing so. And even if put under duress to deny His Holiness, we should not succumb. Rather, we should give our lives for this belief, and not give our oppressor the chance to think that we are sincere, even if our dedication to Hashem remains in our hearts. The requirement to act this way is what is meant by the commandment to honor His Name that was given to B'nei Yisrael: that we should be ready to die in doing so out of love and belief in His Oneness.
The sample case for this mitzvah is the story (Daniel 3) of Chananel, Mishael and Azariah at the time of Nebuchadnezzar who decreed that they (and all the nations, including Bnei Yisrael), bow down to an idol. No one at that time decided to be "Mekadesh Shem Shamayim". Due to this, a great embarrassment fell upon Bnei Yisrael; everyone was scared and therefore did not perform this Mitzvah. And this is exactly the kind of situation the Mitzvah is commanded! For large groups that would be able to publicize His Oneness and reveal it to the the masses. Furthermore, Hashem testified to Isaiah that there will be a future generation that will live up to the challenge of sanctifying His Name.
The Midrash has another proof for the Mitzvah saying that it was on the condition that B'nei Yisrael would sanctify Hashem's name that He took them out of Egypt.
On a different issue, the Talmud (Tractate Sanhedrin 74b) unequivocally says that this Mitzvah is not one of seven which are commanded for all of mankind, mostly because the verse which commands it says "within the people of Israel". Further details on this Mitzvah can be found in the same location stated above in the Talmud.
There is no commentary on this Mitzvah.
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